2022年,我国经历了1961年有完整记录以来最强的区域性高温事件。不仅人类劳动者因高温户外作业饱受热射病的威胁,野生动物也面临着极端高温带来的生存危机。
近日来,有多个新闻报道野生鸟类因中暑坠落。由于野生动物通常会选择回避人类,被发现并救治的 “热晕鸟” 其实只是这场生态危机的冰山一角。
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图2 降温成本(即通过蒸发降温的需水量)与鸟类种群下降的关联。A)过去一个世纪,环境温度升高了1.5℃,降温成本的增加与体重正相关;B)食肉和食虫鸟类的数目(紫色)比植食性和杂食性鸟类(蓝色)的种群更易受到降温成本增加的影响;C)假设环境温度升高1℃,为了抵消降温成本的增加,鸟类需要多捕食食草性蝽(绿色)、甲虫(黄色)和蚱蜢(红色)的数目。 | 图源[15]
图4 信天翁的离婚率与水温变化正相关。a. 离婚率随年份的变化情况;b. 离婚率与海温异常(sea surface temperature anomalies,SSTA)呈正相关 | 图源 [24]
在热浪中求生
图5 达尔文雀(a. Geospiza fortis;b. Geospiza fuliginosa)的热成像照片。颜色从深到浅表示温度从15℃到40℃ | 图源[26]
好心人的正确打开方式
致谢:感谢中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所钱文峰研究员为本文提供学术指导。
参考文献:(上下滑动可浏览)
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