近几年,由于疫情影响,户外运动在国内兴起,洞穴探险也随之从一项小众运动走向更多人。在这一过程中,不可避免地存在风险与隐患。
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图1 a:洞穴里的活蝙蝠 b-e:两具被真菌覆盖的蝙蝠尸体 | 图源[2]
图2 荚膜组织胞浆菌(Histoplasma capsulatum)| 图源:wikipedia
图3 猛犸洞 | 图源:wikipedia
图4 探洞需要一定的装备 | 图源[13]
注释:(上下滑动可浏览)
[1]耿鹏,杜映荣,吴磊,陈苏云,何琪 & 林丽芬.(2018).8例原发群体急性肺组织胞浆菌病CT表现分析. 临床放射学杂志(10),1661-1663. doi:10.13437/j.cnki.jcr.2018.10.017.
[2] Karunarathna, S. C., Dong, Y., Karasaki, S., Tibpromma, S., Hyde, K. D., Lumyong, S., ... & Mortimer, P. E. (2020). Discovery of novel fungal species and pathogens on bat carcasses in a cave in Yunnan Province, China. Emerging microbes & infections, 9(1), 1554-1566.
[3] 潘炜华.(2017).我国组织胞浆菌病的流行特点及防治.皮肤科学通报(05),571-580+6.
[4] CDC. Where Histoplasmosis Comes From. Page last reviewed:January 14, 2021
[5] Armstrong PA, Jackson BR, Haselow D, et al. Multistate Epidemiology of Histoplasmosis, United States, 2011-2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018 Mar;24(3):425-431. doi: 10.3201/eid2403.171258.
[6] Pan, B., Chen, M., Pan, W. and Liao, W. (2013), Histoplasmosis: a new endemic fungal infection in China? Review and analysis of cases. Mycoses, 56: 212-221.
[7] ZHAO, B., XIA, X., YIN, J., ZHANG, X., WU, E., SHI, Y., ... & FENG, X. (2001). Epidemiological investigation of Histoplasma capsulatum infection in China.Chinese Medical Journal, 114(07), 743-746.
[8] Sanjay G. Revankar. Histoplasmosis. MSD Manual. Apr 2021.
[9] Algeo, K. (2004). Mammoth Cave and the making of place.southeastern geographer, 44(1), 27-47.
[10] Zada, S., Sajjad, W., Rafiq, M. et al. Cave Microbes as a Potential Source of Drugs Development in the Modern Era. Microb Ecol (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-021-01889-3
[11] 王晓青,田明中,朱嘉伟.(2005).洞穴事故分析及防范措施探讨——以英国、美国为例. 中国岩溶(01).
[12] She S, Tian Y, Lu L, Eimontaite I, Xie T, Sun Y. An Exploration of Hiking Risk Perception: Dimensions and Antecedent Factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(11):1986.
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